Fair Housing and your marketing: words, photos and ads

How the Fair Housing Act's advertising rule applies to your website, listings, social posts and ads, with risky and safer wording and Meta and Google's rules.

Aerial view of a two-lane road running through a small-town neighborhood of houses and bare trees
Photo by Stephen Wilcoxon on Unsplash

Most Fair Housing training covers showings and offers. Your marketing gets less attention, even though it’s where your words reach the most people: your website, your listing descriptions, your Instagram captions, your Facebook ads.

The rule for all of them is the same, and it fits in one line: describe the property and the area, not the buyer. Here’s where that rule comes from, how it applies to words, photos and ad targeting, and what to check before you publish.

The rule: section 3604(c)

The Fair Housing Act makes it unlawful to make, print or publish, or cause to be made, printed or published, any notice, statement or advertisement about the sale or rental of a dwelling that indicates any preference, limitation or discrimination based on a protected class, or an intention to make one.

Three things about that rule matter for agents:

  • It covers statements, not only ads. Your bio, a caption, a flyer and an email can all count.
  • “Cause to be” brings in the agent. If you write or place the ad, the rule applies to you as well as your seller.
  • It reaches further than the rest of the Act. Section 3603(b) exempts some owners, such as some owners selling their own single-family house without a broker, from parts of section 3604, but expressly not from subsection (c). And that single-family exemption only applies when no broker or agent is used.

HUD’s regulation, 24 CFR 100.75, spells out what this looks like. It covers written and oral statements, and lists flyers, brochures, signs, banners, posters and billboards among the written ones. Its examples of discriminatory advertising include:

  • words, phrases, photographs, illustrations, symbols or forms that convey that a dwelling is or isn’t available to a particular group, and
  • selecting media or locations for ads that deny particular segments of the housing market information about housing opportunities because of a protected class.

Protected classes

Federal law protects seven classes: race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial status and national origin. Two of them are defined in the Act:

  • Disability (the Act’s word is “handicap”) means a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a record of one, or being regarded as having one.
  • Familial status covers one or more children under 18 living with a parent, a legal custodian or their designee, and people who are pregnant or in the process of securing legal custody of a child.

Two more layers sit on top:

  • State and local law. California’s Civil Rights Department, for example, lists characteristics including age, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, source of income, primary language and military or veteran status. Check the law where you work: our state guides for Texas, California, Florida and New York cover advertising rules more broadly.
  • NAR’s Code of Ethics. If you’re a member, Standard of Practice 10-3 bars advertising that indicates a preference based on race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial status, national origin, sexual orientation or gender identity. Standard of Practice 10-1 adds that, when you’re involved in a sale or lease, you shouldn’t volunteer information about a neighborhood’s racial, religious or ethnic composition.

What happened to HUD’s advertising guidance

You’ll still find older HUD advertising guidance quoted online. Know its status before you rely on it:

  • HUD’s detailed advertising guidelines used to sit in its regulations as 24 CFR part 109. HUD removed part 109 in 1996, as the FDIC recorded in the Federal Register, although section 100.75 still refers to it.
  • HUD’s 2024 guidance on advertising through digital platforms, which covered ad targeting and delivery, was withdrawn effective September 17, 2025, in a notice published on April 6, 2026. HUD said the withdrawn documents “should not be relied upon as authoritative.”

The same notice says conduct that doesn’t comply with the text of the Fair Housing Act is still subject to enforcement, and that people can still bring their own civil action within two years. So the statute and section 100.75 are what to work from.

Words: risky and safer

The safe habit is to write about the home and its surroundings, and let readers decide whether it suits them.

Risky: describes the buyer Safer: describes the property or area
“Perfect for a young family” “Three bedrooms, fenced backyard”
“Ideal for empty nesters” “Single-level living with a low-maintenance yard”
“Great bachelor pad” “One-bedroom condo with an open-plan living area”
“Not suitable for wheelchair users” “Second-floor unit, stairs only, no elevator”
“Quiet adult community” “End unit backing onto open space”
“A neighborhood for people like us” “Tree-lined streets, half a mile from [Park name]”
“Perfect for [nationality] buyers” “Ten minutes from [transit stop] and [shopping center]”

Some lines in the left column don’t mention a protected class by name. That’s the point: phrases about who a home suits can signal a preference about familial status, disability, sex or other characteristics, and the regulation looks at what the words convey.

Photos and video

Section 100.75 names photographs and illustrations alongside words, so the same test applies to images.

  • Lead with the property: rooms, outdoor space, the street, nearby parks and shops.
  • If you use lifestyle images with people, ask what they suggest about who the home is for. A whole campaign that only ever shows one kind of household says something even if the caption doesn’t.
  • Describe features in captions and alt text the same way you would in the listing.

Ads on Meta and Google

Ad platforms have built Fair Housing limits into their tools, and they apply to your own ads as well as your brokerage’s.

Meta (Facebook, Instagram, Messenger). Ads offering housing opportunities must be set up in the housing special ad category. Meta’s developer documentation says the restrictions apply to advertisers based in the US or reaching audiences in the US, Canada or Europe, and that in this category:

  • age is generally fixed at 18 to 65+, and you can’t pick a gender;
  • location targeting needs at least a 15-mile radius around a city, address or pin in the US and Canada, ZIP code targeting isn’t available, and you can’t exclude locations;
  • demographic and behavior targeting, interest exclusions and detailed-targeting exclusions aren’t allowed; and
  • lookalike audiences are unavailable.

These limits trace back to Fair Housing claims. In a 2022 settlement with the Justice Department, Meta agreed to stop delivering housing ads targeted with its Special Ad Audience tool by December 31, 2022, and to build a system to reduce differences between the audience eligible to see a housing ad and the audience that actually sees it.

Google. Google’s personalized advertising policy says that in the US and Canada, housing ads can’t target audiences by gender, age, parental status, marital status or ZIP code. Radius targeting of at least 1 km around a location, city and country targeting are allowed.

The platform settings are a floor, not a safe harbor. Section 100.75 also covers choosing where your ads run, so think about whether your mix of channels and audiences leaves part of the market out.

Writing tools and AI

If you use AI to draft listing descriptions or posts, give it the facts about the property and edit the result with the table above in mind. Real Agent Marketing’s AI writing follows Fair Housing rules and doesn’t describe the buyers a home suits. No tool can guarantee compliance, though: you publish it, so read every line first.

A quick check before you publish

  • It describes the home and the area, not the buyer.
  • No line suggests who should or shouldn’t live there.
  • Photos lead with the property.
  • Housing ads on Meta use the housing special ad category.
  • Targeting doesn’t lean on age, gender, family status or ZIP codes.
  • You’ve checked your state’s protected classes, and NAR’s if you’re a member.

For more on what your own website should show, see your agent website options and the real estate agent bio guide.

Sources

This is general information, not legal advice.

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